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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 20 July 16
EDIBLE OIL MARKETS ACROSS THE GLOBE REMAIN UNDER PRESSURE - STELIOS KOLLINTZAS
The edible oil markets across the globe remain under pressure on the back of lackluster demand. Some of the main factors causing the low activity a ...
Tuesday, 19 July 16
INDONESIAN THERMAL COAL INDEXES CONTINUALLY FIRM UP ON ROBUST BUYING INTEREST - CS COAL INDEX
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin rose One percent week over week to averaging $40.38 per ton this past week, shows CS ...
Monday, 18 July 16
FROM PIT TO PORT: DRY BULK NEEDS A NEW PATH TO PROFITABILITY - TOC EUROPE
During the golden years for commodities, from 2005 to 2014, high demand and big profit margins pushed companies to produce more and more, sacrifici ...
Monday, 18 July 16
BALTIC DRY INDEX REMAIN FIRM, UP BY 5.97 WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities continued to remain firm with all segments ending in posi ...
Friday, 15 July 16
US COAL PRODUCTION DOWN 8.4% WEEK-OVER-WEEK
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s second largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 12.9 million short tons (mms ...
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- White Energy Company Limited
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The University of Queensland
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
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