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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 20 July 16
EDIBLE OIL MARKETS ACROSS THE GLOBE REMAIN UNDER PRESSURE - STELIOS KOLLINTZAS
The edible oil markets across the globe remain under pressure on the back of lackluster demand. Some of the main factors causing the low activity a ...
Tuesday, 19 July 16
INDONESIAN THERMAL COAL INDEXES CONTINUALLY FIRM UP ON ROBUST BUYING INTEREST - CS COAL INDEX
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin rose One percent week over week to averaging $40.38 per ton this past week, shows CS ...
Monday, 18 July 16
FROM PIT TO PORT: DRY BULK NEEDS A NEW PATH TO PROFITABILITY - TOC EUROPE
During the golden years for commodities, from 2005 to 2014, high demand and big profit margins pushed companies to produce more and more, sacrifici ...
Monday, 18 July 16
BALTIC DRY INDEX REMAIN FIRM, UP BY 5.97 WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities continued to remain firm with all segments ending in posi ...
Friday, 15 July 16
US COAL PRODUCTION DOWN 8.4% WEEK-OVER-WEEK
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s second largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 12.9 million short tons (mms ...
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- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- The University of Queensland
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- White Energy Company Limited
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
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