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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 25 July 16
STRONG BUYER DEMAND PUSHING UP INDONESIAN THERMAL COAL INDICES
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin rose 0.73 percent week over week to averaging $40.83 per ton this past week, shows C ...
Monday, 25 July 16
THE BDI FELL ON WEAKER RATES FOR CAPESIZE & PANAMAX VESSELS
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities slide slightly as Cape and Panamax segments ending in neg ...
Friday, 22 July 16
U.S COAL OUTPUT ROSE 17.2% WEEK OVER WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s second largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 15.1 million short tons (mms ...
Thursday, 21 July 16
WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU DON'T GET PAID - SHIPOWNERS CLUB
Present market conditions have led to an increase in claims related to unpaid hire. To recover unpaid hire, Owners need to fully understand who the ...
Thursday, 21 July 16
CONSTRUCTIVE TOTAL LOSS: WHAT GOES IN TO CALCULATING QUANTUM? - HILL DICKINSON
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The Commercial Court recently delivered its judgment in an important case (Connect Shipping Inc and Machrimar Management ...
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- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- The University of Queensland
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PTC India Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- VISA Power Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
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