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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 27 November 13
SHIP OWNERS ONCE AGAIN TURN TO DRY BULK CARRIERS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
Ship owners once again turned to more dry bulk carrier ordering over the course of the past week, as more and more appear convinced of the industry ...
Tuesday, 26 November 13
EWP INVITES COAL BIDS FOR 2014 - 2018 DELIVERIES
COALspot.com: Korea East-West Power Co. Ltd (EWP) invited bids to supply 130,000MT of min 5,600kcal/kg (Sub)-bituminous Coal on NCV basis for March ...
Tuesday, 26 November 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS SLIP 22.62% W-W
COALspot.com: In the week ended November 25, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totalled 2.26 ...
Monday, 25 November 13
THE SUB-BIT INDONESIA COAL SWAP MOVEMENT IN YEAR 2014 IS STILL FAR FROM PROMISING
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained $ 2.54 pmt month on month on Friday 22 Novemb ...
Sunday, 24 November 13
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS FOR Q4' 14 DELIVERY PRICE SHOWS A NEGATIVE TREND WEEK ON WEEK AND FLAT ON D-D
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained 0.13 percept d-d on Friday 22 November 2013. The CFR South ...
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- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The University of Queensland
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
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