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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Sunday, 24 November 13
SUPRAMAX FREIGHT RATES REMAINED FIRM FROM INDONESIA TO INDIA AND CHINA - SOLYM
COALspot.com: The freight market was fairly steady except for the Supramax in SE Asia region which continued to remain firm. The BDI was down by 1.5 ...
Friday, 22 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET STILL LACKLUSTRE, DESPITE PROJECTIONS OF A NEW RALLY - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
We might still be about six weeks far from the end of the year, but the projected by many analysts upcoming rally of the dry bulk market, hasn't ye ...
Friday, 22 November 13
US COAL PRODUCTION DOWN 1.3% W-W
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.5 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Thursday, 21 November 13
TAIPOWER TO PROCURE 750K MT OF 5500 GAR BITUMINOUS COAL FOR MAY - AUGUST 2014
COALspot.com: Taiwan Power Company intends to procure 750,000 metric tons of bituminous coal with calorific value not lesser than 5,500 kcal/kg on a ...
Thursday, 21 November 13
CAPESIZE : THE DOWNWARD TREND HAS TURNED INTO NOTABLE SPOT AND PERIOD IMPROVEMENT - FEARNLEYS
Handy
The Atlantic market experienced a general rate increase for most trades this week. More cargoes in the market and chrts looking for prompt t ...
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- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PTC India Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Australian Coal Association
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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