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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Sunday, 24 November 13
SUPRAMAX FREIGHT RATES REMAINED FIRM FROM INDONESIA TO INDIA AND CHINA - SOLYM
COALspot.com: The freight market was fairly steady except for the Supramax in SE Asia region which continued to remain firm. The BDI was down by 1.5 ...
Friday, 22 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET STILL LACKLUSTRE, DESPITE PROJECTIONS OF A NEW RALLY - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
We might still be about six weeks far from the end of the year, but the projected by many analysts upcoming rally of the dry bulk market, hasn't ye ...
Friday, 22 November 13
US COAL PRODUCTION DOWN 1.3% W-W
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.5 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Thursday, 21 November 13
TAIPOWER TO PROCURE 750K MT OF 5500 GAR BITUMINOUS COAL FOR MAY - AUGUST 2014
COALspot.com: Taiwan Power Company intends to procure 750,000 metric tons of bituminous coal with calorific value not lesser than 5,500 kcal/kg on a ...
Thursday, 21 November 13
CAPESIZE : THE DOWNWARD TREND HAS TURNED INTO NOTABLE SPOT AND PERIOD IMPROVEMENT - FEARNLEYS
Handy
The Atlantic market experienced a general rate increase for most trades this week. More cargoes in the market and chrts looking for prompt t ...
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- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- The University of Queensland
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
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