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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 20 November 13
PANAMAX MARKET RESUMED ITS NEGATIVE MOVEMENT FOR A SECOND WEEK IN A ROW - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com: The recovery noted the week prior in the dry Bulk market proved to be short-lived, as the BDI slipped back down to the low 1,500 point ...
Wednesday, 20 November 13
TAIPOWER TO IMPORT 0.825 MMT OF 5000 GAR COAL FOR Q2' 14
COALspot.com: Taiwan Power Company intends to procure 825,000 metric tons of general sub-bituminous coal with calorific value not lesser than 5,000 ...
Wednesday, 20 November 13
CAPES AND PANAMAXES SOFTENING; SMALLER SIZE SEGMENTS FIRMING FURTHER - INTERMODAL
Chartering (Wet: Firm+ / Dry: Stable- )
The BDI has closed off the week on the red, with rates for Capes and Panamaxes softening and those fo ...
Tuesday, 19 November 13
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT'S DECLARED COAL PRICE REFERENCE UP 1.98% IN NOVEMBER
COALspot.com - The Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources of Indonesia has increased government declared coal bench mark price by US$ 1.52 / MT ...
Tuesday, 19 November 13
WEEKLY COAL EXPORTS FROM NEWCASTLE PORT INCREASED BY 20.59%
COALspot.com: In the week ended November 18, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totaled 2.92& ...
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- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Planning Commission, India
- The University of Queensland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Coal Association
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
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