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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 20 November 13
PANAMAX MARKET RESUMED ITS NEGATIVE MOVEMENT FOR A SECOND WEEK IN A ROW - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com: The recovery noted the week prior in the dry Bulk market proved to be short-lived, as the BDI slipped back down to the low 1,500 point ...
Wednesday, 20 November 13
TAIPOWER TO IMPORT 0.825 MMT OF 5000 GAR COAL FOR Q2' 14
COALspot.com: Taiwan Power Company intends to procure 825,000 metric tons of general sub-bituminous coal with calorific value not lesser than 5,000 ...
Wednesday, 20 November 13
CAPES AND PANAMAXES SOFTENING; SMALLER SIZE SEGMENTS FIRMING FURTHER - INTERMODAL
Chartering (Wet: Firm+ / Dry: Stable- )
The BDI has closed off the week on the red, with rates for Capes and Panamaxes softening and those fo ...
Tuesday, 19 November 13
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT'S DECLARED COAL PRICE REFERENCE UP 1.98% IN NOVEMBER
COALspot.com - The Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources of Indonesia has increased government declared coal bench mark price by US$ 1.52 / MT ...
Tuesday, 19 November 13
WEEKLY COAL EXPORTS FROM NEWCASTLE PORT INCREASED BY 20.59%
COALspot.com: In the week ended November 18, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totaled 2.92& ...
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- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Parliament of New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
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