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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 04 December 13
SGX'S MONTHLY VOLUMES REACHED A RECORD HIGH OF 705,000 MT IN NOVEMBER 2013
COALspot.com: SGX has announced that, it monthly volumes have reached a record high of 705 lots (705,000 mt) in November 2013 with month-end open in ...
Tuesday, 03 December 13
PORT OF NEWCASTLE IN QUEENSLAND SHIPPED 1.22 MMT MORE COAL W-W
COALspot.com: In the week ended December 2, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totalled 3.49 ...
Tuesday, 03 December 13
U.S PRODUCED 900.80 MMST YEAR-TO-DATE
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.7 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Monday, 02 December 13
SUB-BIT INDONESIA COAL SWAP DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Q1 AND Q3 DELIVERIES ARE VERY MARGINAL
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained $ 1.67 pmt month on month on Friday 29 Novemb ...
Sunday, 01 December 13
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP FOR Q2 AND Q3 DELIVERY SHOWS A DECLINE
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained 0.63 percept d-d on Friday 29 November 2013. The CFR South ...
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- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- The University of Queensland
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
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