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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Sunday, 01 December 13
PANAMAX RATES HAVE REBOUNDED - CAPT. REDDY
COALspot.com: The freight market was quite firm last week with all the indices increased. Cape Index was gained highest this week which supports inc ...
Saturday, 30 November 13
NTPC STARTED IMPORTING COAL THROUGH NW1 FOR ITS FARAKKA POWER PLANT
COALspot.com: In a pioneering and path breaking operation, the very first consignment of about 69,060 metric tons of imported coal bought by MV HUAY ...
Friday, 29 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET BACK ON HIGHER GROUND - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market is strengthening as a result of higher demand for Capesize vessels. The BDI (Baltic Dry Index) was up by 146 points yesterday, e ...
Wednesday, 27 November 13
DRY SEGMENTS EXCEPTION OF PANAMAXES, REMAINED OVERALL STABLE - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com : The Dry Bulk market closed off the week in the red, albeit the decrease noted was of short scale. With the exception of Panamaxes, th ...
Wednesday, 27 November 13
US WHEAT IMPORTS TO BRAZIL, REACHED A 35 - YEAR HIGH - EVA TZIMA
COALspot.com: As I am going through a number of dry market fixtures reported since the beginning of October, my eyes instinctively stop where they d ...
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- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
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