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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Tuesday, 09 July 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS JUMP 27.53% ON WEEK TO 2.97 MILLION MT
COALspot.com - Newcastle Coal exports up 27.53% to 2.97 million tons W-o-W.
Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,974,715 tons of coal for the ...
Tuesday, 09 July 13
CAPESIZE: SHOT UP; PANAMAXES: NOT SO LUCK; SUPRAS: SLIGHTLY BETTER; HANDIES: SOFT - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com : June 2013 Recap
A renewed Capesize market this month (June 2013) was the cause for much of the overall noteworthy performanc ...
Tuesday, 09 July 13
THE 11TH DEEP COAL PROCESSING FORUM 2013
Press Release : The 11th Deep Coal Processing Forum 2013 will be held in November Beijing China.
CDMC Events is pleased to announce that 11 ...
Sunday, 07 July 13
FREIGHT MARKET IS EXPECTED TO BE SOFT TO STABLE NEXT WEEK- VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The freight market softened for the week ended 5 July 2013, and experienced a decline in all sectors, including BDI. Bulk dry Index d ...
Sunday, 07 July 13
COAL PRICES REMAIN UNDER PRESSURE
COALspot.com – Coal swaps for the year 2014 indicate that, the pressure on coal prices will continue at least until next year. Ave ...
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- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- White Energy Company Limited
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
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