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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Monday, 15 July 13
INDO COAL SWAPS ARE STRUGGLING FOR RIGHT DIRECTION
COALspot.com – Indo coal swaps are struggling to find the right direction. Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average August 2013 d ...
Friday, 12 July 13
U.S. PRODUCED 18.40 MMST COAL WEEK ENDED 6 JULY 2013
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 18.40 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 11 July 13
PANAMAX: PACIFIC ROUND PAY AROUND $6,500/D; ATLANTIC ROUND VOYAGE PAY AROUND US$ 10,000/D - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The Feast market is quiet, July date cargoes remain unfixed as there is a gap between what owners aiming and charterers willing to pay. There ...
Wednesday, 10 July 13
DRY BULK MARKET IS STILL STRUGGLING TO SURVIVE - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com : With the first half of the year now behind us and, as expected, most shipping segments in the dry bulk market are struggling to survi ...
Tuesday, 09 July 13
COAL PRICE REMAINS SLUGGISH - TRIMEGAH
COALspot.com - Newcastle coal price has reached US$ 76.30/ton (-15.9% YTD), bringing YTD’13 average to stand at US$ 87.90/ton, 6.80% lower tha ...
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- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Planning Commission, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
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