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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Monday, 01 July 13
12TH CLEAN COAL FORUM INDONESIA 2013
Press Release: Produced by CDMC Events, The 12th Clean Coal Forum Indonesia 2013 will be held on Dec 5-6,2013 in Jakarta, Indonesia. It will generat ...
Monday, 01 July 13
INDIA AND CHINA STILL DOMINATING THE INDONESIAN THERMAL COAL EXPORT MARKET
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the world's largest multi types coal exporter shipped 35.83* million tons of coal in May 2013, 1.40 per cent l ...
Sunday, 30 June 13
YEAR 2014 INDO SUB-BIT COAL SWAPS EXPECTED TO STAY BELOW 2013 LEVEL
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average August 2013 delivery have gained 0.08 percent on a day lost on week ...
Sunday, 30 June 13
CAPESIZE RATES SEEN INCREASING ON HIGH DEMAND - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The BDI continued to rise and saw a big gain on Friday. BDI increased 14 per cent week ended 28 June 2013, closed at 1171 points driv ...
Friday, 28 June 13
U.S. PRODUCED 1.52 PERCENT LESS COAL WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 19.40 million short tons (mmst) of ...
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- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
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