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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Friday, 05 July 13
THE DRY BULK MARKET IS GOING FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH - INTERMODAL
The Capesize sector has been one that has gone through a wild rollercoaster of emotions this past decade, ranging from the exuberance witnessed duri ...
Thursday, 04 July 13
CHALLENGER SIGNS FORMAL EXCLUSIVE MINING AND MARKETING AGREEMENT FOR ABBR PROJECT IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
COALspot.com - Challenger Deep Resources Corp., through its subsidiary PT Bestindo Energy has signed the formal exclusive Mining and Marketing agree ...
Thursday, 04 July 13
ASX LISTED QBL TO ACQUIRE INTERESTS IN MOZAMBIQUE COAL EXPLORATION LICENSES
- QBL to acquire interests in two Mozambique exploration licences prospective for coal
- Licenses located in the highly prospective Zambezi basin, ...
Thursday, 04 July 13
HANDY : INDO/CHINA, CHARTERERS RATING AROUND US$ 10,000 - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The Feast market firmed slightly up as mid-July cargos entered the market, but charterers seems not in hurry to cover them and looking for ch ...
Wednesday, 03 July 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS DIP 24.79 PER CENT WOW
COALspot.com - Newcastle Coal exports fell 24.79% to 2.33 million tons WoW.
Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,332,513 tons of coal for the ...
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- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- White Energy Company Limited
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
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