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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Thursday, 18 July 13
DRY BULK MARKETS RETAINS RECENT GAINS, MOVES SIDEWAYS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market has kept on moving sideways this week, as evidenced by the latest trends of the industry's benchmark, the Baltic Dry Index (BDI ...
Wednesday, 17 July 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS FELL 3.85% ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,860,149 tons of coal for the week ended 0700 hours 15 July 2013, Newcastle Port Corp. s ...
Wednesday, 17 July 13
TORN BETWEEN A CREDIT CRUNCH AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH - GEORGE DERMATIS
COALspot.com: In 2012 China expanded at a rate of 7.8%, its worst annual performance in 13 years, raising criticism over the newly appointed governm ...
Tuesday, 16 July 13
TAKE - OR - PAY CONTRACTS CONTINUE TO INCENTIVISE AUSTRALIAN COAL PRODUCERS DESPITE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE CASH MARGINS - WOOD MACKENZIE
Australia's coal production has continued to grow, despite lower coal prices in 2013. Global investors and suppliers are therefore questioning whet ...
Monday, 15 July 13
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT HAS REVISED DOWN ITS JULY BENCH-MARK COAL PRICE TO US$ 81.69 PER MT
COALspot. com - Indonesian Coal Price Reference dropped 3.75 % and hitting a 2013 low. The Indonesian government has revised down its owned coal ben ...
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- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Planning Commission, India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- PTC India Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
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