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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
To read complete report please click here
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Sunday, 18 August 13
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP : ON POSITIVE DIRECTION ON DAY, WEEK AND MONTH
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery US$ 1.83 up month on month. The swap was moved positive ...
Sunday, 18 August 13
INDO - INDIA FREIGHT EXPECTED TO BE FIRM NEXT WEEK - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The freight market was up this week with the BDI gaining more than 10 pct due to strong Cape Sector.
The BDI was closed at 1,102 p ...
Friday, 16 August 13
US COAL PRODUCTION SLIGHTLY UP ON WEEK
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 20.10 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 15 August 13
CAPESIZE : TRENDS SOMETIMES SHIFT WITH NO PRIOR WARNING - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
The influence of the summer holidays across Europe was felt in the Atlantic basin this week. Very little activity and a growing list of avail ...
Wednesday, 14 August 13
ANOTHER WEEK IN THE RED FOR DRY BULK CARRIERS - INTERMODAL
Chartering (Wet: Stable- / Dry: Stable- )
Another week in the red for Dry Bulk carriers with the market losing further steam as fewer an ...
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- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
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