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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Saturday, 10 August 13
MOODY'S: OUTLOOK FOR US COAL INDUSTRY CHANGES TO STABLE FROM NEGATIVE
Moody's Investors Service has changed its outlook for the US coal industry to stable from negative, the rating agency says in a new report, "U ...
Saturday, 10 August 13
DEMOLITION ACTIVITY TO BE CRUCIAL AGAIN IN PROVIDING SUPPORT TO THE DRY BULK MARKET - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
We appear to have forgotten demolition activity this year, with the Baltic Dry Index gaining traction in the latter part of the second half and emer ...
Friday, 09 August 13
US PRODUCED 4.00 PERCENT LESS COAL ON WEEK
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 20.00 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 08 August 13
HANDY : NO POSITIVE SENTIMENT FOR THE FAR EAST MARKET - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
No positive sentiment for the Far East market. There are a number of ships coming open in SE Asia this week and owners rating mid/high USD 8k ...
Thursday, 08 August 13
MALAYSIA HOSTS THIRD ANNUAL ASIAN SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL USERS' GROUP CONFERENCE
Press Release : The third Annual Asian Sub-Bituminous Coal Users’ Group (ASBCUG) conference convenes Sept. 30-Oct. 3 at the Eastern & Orie ...
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- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
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