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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Tuesday, 27 August 13
AUSTRALIA NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS JUMPED 15.59 PERCENT ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port up 15.59 per cent week on week to 2.76 million mt for ...
Monday, 26 August 13
CARRIAGE OF COAL CARGOES FROM KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA - WEST OF ENGLAND P&I CLUB
The Club has recently been advised by consulting scientists and engineers Dr J H Burgoyne and Partners (International) Limited that the number of in ...
Sunday, 25 August 13
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL: HEADING TO NORTH
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery US$ 2.39 up month on month. The swap was moved positive ...
Sunday, 25 August 13
THE FREIGHT MARKET S7 & S8 SECTOR IS EXPECTED TO BE STEADY/FIRM NEXT WEEK - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The freight market continued to be firm with all indices moved positive except for Panamax which was slightly down (2 pct down).
T ...
Friday, 23 August 13
US PRODUCED MORE COAL WEEK ON WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 20.80 million short tons (mmst) of ...
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- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Parliament of New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Australian Coal Association
- The University of Queensland
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
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