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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Tuesday, 13 August 13
AUSTRALIA NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS JUMP 30.61 PERCENT ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port up 30.61 per cent week on week to 2.95 million mt for ...
Monday, 12 August 13
GBCE SUCCESSFUL IN UPGRADING LOW RANK INDONESIAN COAL ON INDUSTRIAL SCALE
COALspot.com : GB Clean Energy Ltd. (GBCE) has annoused that, the company has successfully upgraded 2,426 tonnes of low rank 4,018 kcal NAR Ind ...
Monday, 12 August 13
INDIA - SAFE SHIPMENT OF IRON ORE FINES FROM INDIAN PORTS - WEST OF ENGLAND P&I CLUB
As Members may be aware, in 2009 two ships, the ‘Asian Forest’ and the ‘Black Rose’, capsized and sank following the liquefa ...
Sunday, 11 August 13
INDONESIAN COAL SWAPS : FLAT ON DAY
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery flat on day due to holidays in Indonesia, Malaysia & ...
Sunday, 11 August 13
SUPRAMAX FREIGHT RATES FROM INDONESIA TO INDIA CONTINUED TO BE SOFT - VISTAAR
COALspot.com : The freight market was soft this week with all indices down , the reason could be long weekend holidays in Indonesia, Singapore and M ...
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- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Australian Coal Association
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parliament of New Zealand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- MS Steel International - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
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