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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Thursday, 22 August 13
PANAMAX : PERIOD MARKET IS STILL BEING LED BY STRONGER SENTIMENT IN THE FFA'S - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
This week started slowly as expected. Indo biz now rate APS around 7k +60k to china and around 8k+80k to India. However, there are some ships ...
Wednesday, 21 August 13
DRY BULK SHIPPING - POSITIVE WINDOW FOR CAPESIZE OWNERS - PETER SAND
By: Peter Sand, Chief Shipping Analyst, BIMCO
Demand:
“Expect the unexpected from the dry bulk market” was what we wrote last time ar ...
Wednesday, 21 August 13
RATES FOR CAPES MOVED DECISIVELY NORTH THIS WEEK - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com - Right when the BDI seemed ready for another dive below the 1000 points level, the Dry Bulk market made significant comeback this week ...
Tuesday, 20 August 13
AUSTRALIA NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS FALL 19.15 PERCENT ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port fell 19.15 per cent week on week to 2.39 million mt f ...
Tuesday, 20 August 13
CAPESIZE RATES MORE SENSITIVE TO DEMAND - COMMODORE RESEARCH & CONSULTANCY
COALspot.com : Approximately 71.50 million tons of iron ore is now stockpiled at Chinese ports, 900,000 tons (-1%) less than a week ago, Commodore R ...
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- VISA Power Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The University of Queensland
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
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