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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
To read complete report please click here
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Sunday, 01 September 13
INDONESIA TO INDIA SPOT FREIGHT STAYS FIRM THIS WEEK - VISTAAR
COALspot.com: The freight market continued to be firm with even though the BDI and Cape index dropped by about 3 pct week on week.
The BDI was do ...
Friday, 30 August 13
US COAL PRODUCTION FELL 0.48 PERCENT WEEK ON WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 20.70 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 29 August 13
HANDY: THE PACIFIC MARKET STARTED HEALTHY THIS WEEK - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
The Pacific market started healthy this week. We have seen many bauxite, iron ore and few coal fixtures. Ships passing Singapore were able to ...
Thursday, 29 August 13
NO RATING IMPACT ON INDONESIAN ENERGY COMPANIES FROM RUPIAH DEPRECIATION - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings says the credit profiles of rated Indonesian energy and utilities companies, including thermal coal producers, will largely remain una ...
Wednesday, 28 August 13
THE BDI HAS MOVED TO LEVELS CONSIDERABLY STRONGER THAN THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR - INTERMODAL
By George Bassakos
SnP Broker - Intermodal
We have already reached the end of August and whilst students are preparing themselves for another sc ...
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- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- White Energy Company Limited
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
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