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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Thursday, 05 September 13
DRY BULK MARKET ON A HIGH ROLL, MAINLY THANKS TO CAPESIZE APPETITE - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
Capesize owners have been rejoycing on the back of renewed optimism for the further rise in the dry bulk market's freight rates, especially when on ...
Wednesday, 04 September 13
RBCT SHIPPED 16.18 PERCENT MORE COAL IN JULY
COALspot.com - Richards Bay Coal Terminal (RBCT) is the single largest coal export terminal South African as well as in the world has shipped 6,162, ...
Wednesday, 04 September 13
SUPRAS AND HANDIES : INDONESIAN COAL CARGOES ARE SUPPORTING HEALTHY ACTIVITY LEVELS - INTERMODAL
The Dry Bulk market has pooled back a bit this week after firming for two weeks in a row. The BDI is s holding above 1,100 points and despite the sm ...
Tuesday, 03 September 13
AUSTRALIA'S NEWCASTLE PORT SHIPPED 22.93 PER CENT MORE COAL W-O-W
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port up 22.93 per cent week on week to 3.39 million mt for ...
Sunday, 01 September 13
COAL SWAP SHOWS MIXED TREND
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery 1.25 percent up month on month. The swap was moved posit ...
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- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
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- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
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