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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Sunday, 08 September 13
BALTIC INDEX UP ON HIGHER CAPESIZE, PANAMAX RATES
COALspot.com : The freight market continued saw one of the biggest rally last week with Cape Size taking the lead followed by Panamax.
The BDI wa ...
Friday, 06 September 13
DRY BULK MARKET REACHES NEW YEAR-HIGHS ON THE BACK OF INCREASED CAPESIZE DEMAND - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The dry bulk market has been on the rise once again, but this time around any new increase of freight rates translates into new year-highs, thus bri ...
Friday, 06 September 13
US PRODUCED APPROXIMATELY 90.80 MMST OF COAL IN AUGUST
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 20.90 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 05 September 13
INDONESIAN COAL EXPORTS UP BY 6.72 PERCENT IN JULY
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the world's largest multi grade coal exporter shipped 35.268* million tons of coal in July 2013. Indonesian coal exp ...
Thursday, 05 September 13
HANDY: NICKEL ORE WAS PUSHING THE FAR EAST MARKET - FEARNLEYS
Handy
Nickel Ore was pushing the Feast market, several ships were fixed from low teens to $14k. Indo/India was still supported by bauxite, while th ...
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- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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