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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 16 December 19
THE OUTLOOK FOR U.S. THERMAL COAL IS INCREASINGLY STRESSED - MOODY'S
- Slowing global economic growth, trade tensions will continue to exert influence
- Coal's secular decline will persist in 2020
...
Thursday, 12 December 19
KOWEPO INVITING BIDS FOR 2.28 MILLION TONS OF MIN.4,400 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea Western Power Co., Ltd. (KOWEPO) has issued an international tender for total 2,280,000 tons of (Sub) Bitum ...
Wednesday, 11 December 19
PANAMAX: THE MARKET REMAINED FIRM IN THE PACIFIC, WITH INCREASED ACTIVITY NOTED IN KEY AREAS, SUCH AS INDONESIA - ALLIED
Capesize – Positive momentum was resumed this past week, with earnings mak-ing some gains once again. This rising pattern was reflected in th ...
Tuesday, 10 December 19
PREPARATIONS INTENSIFY AS IMO 2020 GLOBAL SULPHUR CAP LOOMS - STANDARD CLUB
With less than a month to go for the impending IMO 2020 global sulphur cap, the club has started witnessing dispute cases relating to the measureme ...
Monday, 09 December 19
KOREA SOUTHERN POWER CO LTD IS INVITING OFFERS FOR MIN 3700 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea East-West Power Co. Ltd has issued an international tender for 160,000 Tons steam coal.
Acco ...
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- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- White Energy Company Limited
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
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