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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 19 December 19
COAL POWER GENERATION CONTINUES TO DECLINE IN GERMANY: DESTATIS, XINHUA REPORTED
The volume of electricity generated in coal-fired power plants in Germany decreased “markedly” by 37 percent to 34 billion kilowatt-hou ...
Thursday, 19 December 19
BANGLADESH'S NBR CUTS VAT ON COAL IMPORT FOR POWER PLANTS - THE DAILY STAR
The National Board of Revenue (NBR) reduced value added tax on the import of coal for power plants to 5 percent from present 15 percent for five ye ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL IN 2018 WERE MORE THAN 60% HIGHER THAN IN 2016 - IEA
Coal use grew again in 2018.
Global coal demand increased by 1.1%, continuing the rebound that began in 2017 after three years of decline ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
ASIA IS SET TO SUPPORT GLOBAL COAL DEMAND FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS - IEA
Press Release: Global coal demand is expected to decline in 2019 but remain broadly stable over the next five years, supported by robust growth in ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As we all know very well by now, the reduction in the maximum allowable sulphur content of marine fuels in 2020 is likely to have a massive impact ...
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Showing 1236 to 1240 news of total 6871 |
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- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Australian Coal Association
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- MS Steel International - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- White Energy Company Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
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