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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 04 December 19
FITCH RATINGS: CASH FLOW GENERATION TO SLOW DOWN FOR INDONESIAN COAL MINERS
Fitch Ratings' negative outlook on the Indonesian coal-mining sector reflects our view of weaker cash flow generation on account of declining c ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Dry bulk freight rates rebounded last week, a development that came as a relief following the recent negative sentiment that prevailed in the marke ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
INDONESIA REVIEWING RULES MANDATING COAL SALES TO LOCAL BUYERS: OFFICIAL - REUTERS
Indonesia is reviewing rules that require coal miners to sell a portion of their coal to local buyers, a government official said on Monday, as sup ...
Monday, 02 December 19
COAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA UP BY 164.58 MT IN 5 YEARS - BUSINESS LINE
Raw coal production in the country has increased from 567.77 million tons (MT) in 2013-14 to 730.35 MT in 2018-19, Union Coal and Parliamentary Aff ...
Monday, 02 December 19
OPEC PREPS FOR OIL'S 2020 BALANCING ACT - WOOD MACKENZIE
What steps should OPEC and its non-OPEC partners take to keep the market in balance in 2020? Ahead of OPEC’s meeting in Vienna on 5 and 6 Dec ...
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- The University of Queensland
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
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