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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 22 December 19
NMDC DIVERSIFIES INTO COAL MINING - THE HINDU
Iron ore mining major NMDC has been allocated two coal blocks in Jharkhand for commercial mining by the Union Ministry of Coal.
Both ...
Sunday, 22 December 19
TRADING PLACES FOR 2020 - BALTIC EXCHANGE
In the sea of 2020 predictions, Saxo Bank’s Outrageous Predictions sail their own very unique course. For nearly 20 years the Danish investme ...
Saturday, 21 December 19
SUPRAMAX: A 63,000 DWT VESSEL, OPEN CIGADING, FIXED A TRIP VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY WEST COAST INDIA, AT $8,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market this past week has been attempting to recalibrate itself in consideration of weakening freight levels and increasi ...
Saturday, 21 December 19
SHIPPING'S SUPPLY AND DEMAND TRENDING OFF BALANCE - BIMCO
One of the most worrying trends that has developed recently – which will affect shipping demand in the years to come – is the falling t ...
Friday, 20 December 19
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE REMAINS FLAT - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price remained flat during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
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- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The University of Queensland
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
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