We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Sunday, 29 December 19
AUSTRALIA SUFFERS WORST OF CHINA'S COAL CURBS AFTER EARLIER BOOM - BLOOMBERG
Australia is bearing the brunt of China’s year-end coal import restrictions, ceding market share to other exporters including Russia and Mong ...
Saturday, 28 December 19
SUPRAMAX: A 63,000DWT VESSEL, OPEN CIGADING, FIXED A TRIP VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY WEST COAST INDIA, AT $8,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market this past week has been attempting to recalibrate itself in consideration of weakening freight levels and increasing ...
Saturday, 28 December 19
CHINESE INDUSTRIAL CITY TO FURTHER CUT COAL CONSUMPTION - XINHUA
Harbin, capital city of Heilongjiang Province in China’s northeastern industrial heartland, is planning to further reduce its coal consumptio ...
Friday, 27 December 19
MISERY LOOMS OVER TOP COAL SHIPPERS AS CHINA TO BUY LESS IN 2020 BLOOMBERG
China isn’t cutting back on consumption of the most-polluting fossil fuel just yet, but it is set to reduce imports.
The world ...
Thursday, 26 December 19
REVIEW OF 2019 AND OUTLOOK FOR 2020 - OPEC
Global economic growth slowed in 2019, impacted by a variety of challenges. Trade issues not only led to reduction in global final consumption but ...
|
|
|
Showing 1221 to 1225 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- MS Steel International - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Planning Commission, India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
|
| |
| |
|
