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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 02 January 20
SULPHUR 2020 COMPENDIUM - HOW ARE INDIVIDUAL PORT STATES EXPECTED TO REACT? - STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
With the new sulphur limits soon to be in force, Standard Club has been investigating the ways in which certain jurisdict ...
Monday, 30 December 19
AUSTRALIAN MINERS HIT BY LOWEST THERMAL COAL PRICE IN MORE THAN A DECADE - THE GUARDIAN
Australian coal exporters have experienced the biggest annual drop in thermal coal prices in more than a decade during 2019, raising doubts about i ...
Monday, 30 December 19
INDIA'S COAL IMPORTS RISE 4% TO 161.43 MT IN APRIL-NOVEMBER 2019 - PTI
The country’s coal imports registered an increase of 4.4 per cent to 161.43 million tonnes (MT) in the April-November period of the ongoing f ...
Sunday, 29 December 19
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Sunday, 29 December 19
IMO 2020 COMPLIANCE: IT'S UP TO US TO BE GOOD CITIZENS - IBIA
One of the concerns around implementation of the 0.50% sulphur limit has been, and continues to be, the need for effective enforcement to ensure a ...
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Showing 1216 to 1220 news of total 6871 |
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- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Australian Coal Association
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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