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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 07 January 20
CLEANER AIR IN 2020: 0.5% SULPHUR CAP FOR SHIPS ENTERS INTO FORCE WORLDWIDE - EUROPEAN COMMISSION
From 1 January 2020, the maximum sulphur content of marine fuels is reduced to 0.5% (down from 3.5%) globally – reducing air pollution and pr ...
Tuesday, 07 January 20
BHP EYES INDIA FOR COAL GROWTH AS CHINA DEMAND FLATLINES - SYDNEY MORNING HERALD
Australia’s largest miner, BHP, believes the long-term trajectory of the emerging economy of India and the acceleration of its steelmaking ou ...
Sunday, 05 January 20
BUNKER QUALITY CLAIMS IN 2020 - ISSUES TO CONSIDER - CLYDE&CO
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
In recent years the shipping industry has faced a significant number of bunker quality claims, most notably ari ...
Saturday, 04 January 20
SUPRAMAX: A 53,000DWT VESSEL FIXING DELIVERY INDONESIA TRIP TO CHINA AT $4,000 AND A 58,000DWT SHIP FIXING DELIVERY EAST KALIMANTAN TRIP TO THAILAND AT $5,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The New Year started with an erosion on pre-Christmas rates as the higher low sulphur fuel costs due to IMO 2020 affected levels. From ...
Thursday, 02 January 20
DMO 2020 PRICE SET FOR ELECTRICITY SECTOR - IAN WOLLFF
On the 26th December 2019, the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) issued the decree No. 261.K/30.MEM/2019 about the States needs for c ...
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Showing 1211 to 1215 news of total 6871 |
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- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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