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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 28 June 24
INDIAN POWER STATIONS STOCKED WITH BUMPER COAL SUPPLY AS TRANSPORT WOES EASE - BUSINESS STANDARD
Even as power demand has touched a historic high of 250 gigawatts (Gw) amid sweltering heat this June, India’s power stations are stocked wit ...
Friday, 28 June 24
INDIA'S CY23 COAL USE LARGER THAN NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE COMBINED - THE HINDU
For the first time, India’s coal consumption surpassed that of North America and Europe combined in the calendar year 2023, said Energy Insti ...
Monday, 24 June 24
PLN'S FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY RESTS ON ACCELERATED COAL RETIREMENT AND RENEWABLES DEPLOYMENT - MUTYA YUSTIKA
On 28 May 2024, Indonesia’s national electricity utility, PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), released its financial report for 2023. Althoug ...
Monday, 24 June 24
INDIA'S COAL-BASED POWER DEMAND AT ALL-TIME HIGH, GOVERNMENT SAYS - REUTERS
India’s demand for coal-based power has risen by 7.3% this fiscal year to an all-time high, the government said in a statement on Wednesday.
...
Monday, 24 June 24
CHINA'S COAL INDUSTRY TURNS GREENER THROUGH INNOVATIVE APPROACHES - PEOPLE'S DAILY
At an opencast mine operated by Inner Mongolia Pingzhuang Coal Group Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of CHN Energy Investment Group (CHN Energy), a 14-meter ...
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Showing 11 to 15 news of total 6871 |
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- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- VISA Power Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
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