We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Friday, 06 April 18
TOP MINER BHP QUITS WORLD COAL ASSOCIATION OVER CLIMATE CLASH - BLOOMBERG
BHP Billiton Ltd. has severed ties with the World Coal Association over a clash of views on how to combat climate change, with the mining giant say ...
Thursday, 05 April 18
INDONESIA TO POSTPONE NEW COAL, PALM OIL SHIPPING RULES TO 2020 - REUTERS
Indonesia will delay until 2020 trade rules requiring exporters of coal and crude palm oil to use only Indonesian-flagged vessels, government offic ...
Tuesday, 03 April 18
MARKET ANALYSIS - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
In the midst of a relatively quiet week for markets, with disruptions being caused by the Christian holidays, it seems as though we find ourselves ...
Monday, 02 April 18
THE FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO BE FLAT TO SOFT, SAYS VISTAAR
The freight market softening to continue. Thursday, March 29, 2018, the Baltic Dry Index decreased by 42 points, reaching 1080 points.
T ...
Monday, 02 April 18
THIESS TO DELIVER $150M SENAKIN CONTRACT EXTENSION
Thiess has secured a $150 million contract extension to provide mine services at Arutmin’s Senakin coal mine in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
...
|
|
|
Showing 1751 to 1755 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Planning Commission, India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
|
| |
| |
|
