We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 18 April 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - STELIOS KOLLINTZAS
The return of traders and charterers from the Easter festivities came along with a slight increase in activity across the edible oil markets. Howev ...
Monday, 16 April 18
MINISTER IGNASIUS JONAN SPEAKS HIS MIND AT INDONESIA MINER - IAN WOLLFF
The Minister for Energy and Mineral resources, Ignasius Jonan, delivered a key note address at the Indonesia Miner conference in Jakarta on the 11 ...
Thursday, 12 April 18
THE PERFECT STORM FOR THE BIG SHIPS - THE BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The perfect storm for the big ships: with holidays, force majeure in two ore exporting ports and bad weather undermining the market. A l ...
Thursday, 12 April 18
SHIPPING CAN MANAGE US-CHINA TARIFFS, BUT RISKS RISING - FITCH
Container and, to some extent, dry bulk would probably be the shipping segments most affected by the recently announced US and China tariffs, Fitch ...
Thursday, 12 April 18
SUPRAS HAVE FIXED MID $11K FOR AN INDO RV TO S. CHINA DELIVERY PHILIPPINES - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
Slow week with little light for improving rates. ECSA to Far East still around $15k + bb and same to Med ca $14k, says Fearnleys in its ...
|
|
|
Showing 1741 to 1745 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- White Energy Company Limited
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
|
| |
| |
|
