We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 12 April 18
ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
On 26 March 2018 Mr Justice Knowles determined that the berth warranty ‘always accessible’ must mean the vess ...
Wednesday, 11 April 18
CHINA UTILITIES PLAN NEW COAL IMPORT PRICE INDEX TO CURB VOLATILITY - REUTERS
China’s major utilities are preparing to launch their own coal price index for imports, an official at China Huaneng Group said, in a move th ...
Wednesday, 11 April 18
US-CHINA TARIFF THREATS RAISE GLOBAL TRADE RISKS - FITCH
Escalating tariff proposals by the U.S. and Chinese governments are increasing the risks of a full-blown trade war, says Fitch Ratings. The most li ...
Tuesday, 10 April 18
BUMA GRANTED ADDITIONAL LOAN FACILITY FROM BTMU TO SUPPORT GROWTH
Press Release: PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk. is pleased to announce that its subsidiary, PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama ("BUMA"), signed an a ...
Monday, 09 April 18
APRIL INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE DROPS TO LOWEST IN 2018
COALspot.com: According to latest ministerial decree, the Indonesian Coal Price Reference (HBA) decline 6.98 per cent in April 2018 compared to Mar ...
|
|
|
Showing 1746 to 1750 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
|
| |
| |
|
