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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 28 March 18
RIO TINTO TO SELL KESTREL MINE FOR $2.25 BILLION - REUTERS
Rio Tinto sold its remaining coal asset Kestrel in Australia to private equity manager EMR Capital and Indonesia’s Adaro Energy Tbk for $2.25 ...
Friday, 23 March 18
RIO TINTO AGREES SALE OF HAIL CREEK AND VALERIA TO GLENCORE FOR $1.7 BILLION
Press Release: Rio Tinto has entered into a binding agreement with Glencore for the sale of its entire interests in the Hail Creek coal mine and th ...
Wednesday, 21 March 18
CHINA'S RAW COAL OUTPUT UP IN 2017, FIRST GROWTH SINCE 2014 - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output rose in 2017 due to rebounding demand and high-quality capacity, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ...
Wednesday, 21 March 18
MARKET INSIGHT - CHRISTOPHER T. WHITTY
President’s Trump administration proposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports in an attempt to target China and Europe among others. Earlie ...
Tuesday, 20 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
It has been a chilling start to the week for the global economy, with the vast majority of stock exchanges noting a fair drop, after a series of se ...
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Showing 1761 to 1765 news of total 6871 |
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- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Australian Coal Association
- PTC India Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
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