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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Sunday, 08 January 23
ELEVATED COAL PRICE A DRAG ON MARGINS OF DOMESTIC BASE METAL PLAYERS: ICRA
The increased price of coal continue to be a drag on the margin of domestic base metal players with no immediate relief in sight, rating agency ICR ...
Monday, 02 January 23
CHINA’S COAL CONSUMPTION TO PEAK BY 2035: REPORT - REUTERS
China’s primary energy consumption is likely to peak at nearly 6.03 billion tonnes of standard coal between 2030 and 2035, refining giant Chi ...
Thursday, 29 December 22
INDIA'S COAL DEMAND LIKELY TO PEAK BETWEEN 2030-2035: MINISTER - ANI
The demand for coal in India will continue and is likely to peak between 2030-2035, Union Minister of Coal, Mines, and Parliamentary Affairs Pralha ...
Thursday, 29 December 22
RIO TINTO AND PARTNERS COULD RECEIVE AS MUCH AS $450M IN GOVERNMENT COMPENSATION FOR COAL PRICE CAP - THE GUARDIAN
Compensation payments for the Gladstone power plant remain the sticking point in the federal government’s coal price cap compensation negotia ...
Wednesday, 28 December 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) published a Global Trade Update on December 13th highlighting that global trade wou ...
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- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- White Energy Company Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- PTC India Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
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