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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Thursday, 22 December 22
RUSSIAN OIL EXPORTS CRATER BY 54% IN THE FIRST FULL WEEK OF THE EU'S EMBARGO AMID A SHORTAGE OF TANKERS WILLING TO CARRY CARGOES - BUSINESS INSIDER
Since the European Union imposed its seaborne crude sanctions, Russian oil exports have tumbled by more than half, according to data compiled by Bl ...
Thursday, 22 December 22
CHINA TIGHTENS VERIFICATION OF SHIPS’ ENERGY CONSUMPTION DATA - GARD
From 22 December 2022, ships trading to Chinese ports must record their energy consumption data in accordance with the requirements of their Ship E ...
Thursday, 22 December 22
AN OVERVIEW OF THE LNG MARKET - VESSELSVALUE
LNG values have continued to strengthen, spurred by skyrocketing earnings that have surpassed last year’s record breaking peaks. In November, ...
Thursday, 22 December 22
COKING COAL SLUMPS AS TALKS ON AUSTRALIA-CHINA TRADE RIFT LOOM - REUTERS
Chinese coking coal futures dropped more than 3 per cent on Tuesday (Dec 20), extending losses, as supply of the steelmaking input might increase i ...
Thursday, 22 December 22
COAL AND GAS PRICE CAPS MAY COMPOUND POLITICAL RISK FOR AUSTRALIAN CORPORATES - FITCH RATINGS
Australia’s introduction of temporary price caps on domestic sales of gas and coal used for electricity generation will probably have limited ...
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Showing 161 to 165 news of total 6871 |
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- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Planning Commission, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- MS Steel International - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Australian Coal Association
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- VISA Power Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
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