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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 19 December 22
ENERGY CRISIS FUELS COAL COMEBACK IN GERMANY - REUTERS
Coal has made a comeback in Germany this year, as Europe’s largest economy turns to the dirty fuel to power it through an energy crisis.
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Thursday, 15 December 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
While observing the ship repair market very close to the end of the year, we are confident that shipyards worldwide are entering a new era. The nex ...
Tuesday, 13 December 22
STRONG COAL PRICES SUPPORT ROBUST EARNINGS AT INDONESIAN COAL MINERS - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings expects cash flow generation at Indonesian coal miners to remain strong in 2023, based on its forecast for coal prices to remain high ...
Tuesday, 13 December 22
BIMCO CII CLAUSE FINALLY RELEASED: DOES IT MAKE ANY SENSE OF CCI? - WFW
WHAT IS CII?
The new International Maritime Organisation’s (“IMO’s”) Carbon Intensity Indicator (“CII”) cer ...
Tuesday, 13 December 22
COAL BASE RAMPS UP ENERGY SUPPLY FOR WINTER NEEDS - XINHUA
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China’s leading coal production base, has kicked its production into high gear to meet heating needs as col ...
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Showing 166 to 170 news of total 6871 |
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- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- The University of Queensland
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Coal Association
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PTC India Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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