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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 02 August 24
COAL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS: FALLING PRICES AMID RECORD-HIGH OUTPUT - WORLD BANK
Coal prices inched up in May (m/m) following an 8 percent decline in 2024Q1. The Australian and South African benchmarks have plummeted more ...
Friday, 26 July 24
FUELEU MARITME IS COMING. IS YOUR CHARTERPARTY READY? - GARD
With less than six months to implementation of FuelEU Maritime in EU and EEA trades, there has been little published advice regarding how to alloca ...
Thursday, 04 July 24
INDIA'S COAL PRODUCTION RISES 14% IN JUNE - PTI
The country’s coal production rose by 14.49% to 84.63 million tonne (MT) in June. The country’s coal output was 73.92 MT in June last f ...
Tuesday, 02 July 24
NTPC CAPTIVE COAL OUTPUT GROWS 15% IN Q1; DESPATCH RISES 17%
State-owned NTPC on Monday reported a 15 per cent year-on-year increase in the production of coal from captives mines to 9.862 metric million tonne ...
Friday, 28 June 24
KOSPO INVITED BIDS FOR 400,000 MT OF MINIMUM 4000 NCV COAL FOR FIVE YEARS
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO), is inviting bids for total 400,000 MT of Low Calorific Value Coal for 5 years starting from July 2024 until ...
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Showing 6 to 10 news of total 6871 |
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- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
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