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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 08 January 24
KOSPO TO BUY 80000 MT OF INDONESIAN LOW CALORIFIC VALUE COAL FOR FEB 2024
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO), is inviting bids for the supply of Indonesian Low Calorific Value Coal from qualified suppliers for Korean ...
Monday, 08 January 24
SEABORNE TRADE REACHES 12.4BN TONNES - CLARKSONS
China will establish a back-up coal production system by 2027 to stabilise prices and secure coal supply, the state planner said on Wednesday, even ...
Monday, 08 January 24
CAPESIZES START THE NEW YEAR ON POSITIVE NOTE - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Capesize
This week the capsize market has been marked by a mix of activities and challenges. Despite a slow start following the Christmas and N ...
Friday, 05 January 24
MORGAN STANLEY SEES LOWER OIL PRICES IN 2024 ON OVERSUPPLY CONCERNS - REUTERS
Morgan Stanley sees Brent crude prices anchored near $80 per barrel in the first half in 2024 before declining towards the end of the year as it ex ...
Friday, 05 January 24
INDIA'S COAL OUTPUT RISES NEARLY 11 PC IN DEC TO 92.87 MT - PTI
India’s coal production increased by 10.75 per cent to 92.87 million tonne in December 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, an official s ...
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Showing 56 to 60 news of total 6871 |
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- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Coal Association
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
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