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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 18 April 16
SOUTH KOREA STATE-OWNED UTILITY KOMIPO INVITES COAL BIDS FOR BORYEONG POWER PLANT
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a new tender for 70,000 Metric Tons of 4,600 kcal/kg NAR coal for ...
Monday, 18 April 16
SOUTH AFRICA RB1 COAL HAS LOST GROUND IN INDIA; RB2 MAY LOSE GRIP IF THE PRICE CROSSES US$ 50 A TON - TRADERS
COALspot.com: Indian coal consumers preferred to buy South Africa RB2 coal instead of RB1 coal recent months due to RB2's low CFR price level. ...
Monday, 18 April 16
CAPESIZE INDEX ROSE 44.66 PER CENT WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities continued to rose this week.
The freight market was ...
Friday, 15 April 16
PANAMAX MARKET CONTINUES TO FIRM - FEARNLEYS
Cape
It has been a positive freight market for the past few weeks, however, this week the market is taking a small breather, says Fearnleys in it ...
Friday, 15 April 16
U.S WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT FALLS ACROSS ALL BASINS - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 10.2 million short tons (mm ...
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
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- The University of Queensland
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- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
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- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- White Energy Company Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
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