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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 18 December 13
DEMOLITION ACTIVITY SCALED BACK AS FREIGHT RATES RISE - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
It's always been the case that each time we witness a spike in freight rates, demolition activity is decreasing, as owners are looking for more car ...
Tuesday, 17 December 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS UP 37.83% WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com: In the week ended December 16, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totalled 3.45 ...
Monday, 16 December 13
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP LOST $ 0.53 IN A WEEK
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB) for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained $ 0.91 pmt month on month on Friday 13 December 2013 ...
Monday, 16 December 13
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL Q3' 14 DELIVERY PRICE CLOSED $1.63 LESSER THAN Q1' 14 PRICE
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained 5.34 percept month on month as on Friday 13 December 2013. ...
Sunday, 15 December 13
SUPRAMAX'S FREIGHT RALLY COMES TO AN END THIS WEEK
COALspot.com: The BDI was up by 7 pct closing at 2,330 points week on week and the cape index was also up by 10.51 points and closed at 4,246 points ...
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- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Planning Commission, India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
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