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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Friday, 13 December 13
HARD COAL : VOLUMES POSSIBLY AT RECORD-BREAKING HIGH; PRICES POSSIBLY AT A RECORD-BREAKING LOW - VDKI
Press Release : World Hard Coal Market 2013: volumes possibly at record-breaking high, prices possibly at a record-breaking low. German and UK impor ...
Friday, 13 December 13
DRY BULK SHIPPING TO WITNESS HEALTHY DEMAND MOVING FORWARD - ICS
The Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers Greek Branch organised its 9th Annual Forum at Eugenides Foundation, on Wednesday, 11th of December, with a r ...
Friday, 13 December 13
US PRODUCED APPROXIMATELY 18.4 MILLION SHORT TONS OF COAL W/E 7 DECEMBER 2013
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 18.4 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Thursday, 12 December 13
GREAT EXPECTATIONS SANCTIONED - EVA TZIMA
News that sanctions on Iranian oil exports could be lifted sometime in the following months have shaken the markets recently. One of the world&rsquo ...
Thursday, 12 December 13
DRY BULK MARKET RATES FOR CAPESIZES TO REMAIN VOLATILE SAYS BIMCO
The dry bulk market has reached multi year highs this week, as the BDI is standing at the 2,300-point mark. In its analysis of the market, BIMCO pre ...
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- Planning Commission, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- White Energy Company Limited
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- The University of Queensland
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
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