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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 25 December 13
SHIPPING : AS FAR AS THIS CYCLE IS CONCERNED, 'WE HAVE SEEN THE WORST....!' - JOHN N. COTZIAS
In a week’s time the year comes to an end. Having been a speaker in two seminars over the past 5 days I was able to see the year ending trends ...
Tuesday, 24 December 13
AUSTRALIAN NEWCASTLE PORT'S WEEKLY COAL EXPORTS UP 11.46% W-W
COALspot.com: In the week ended December 23, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totalled 3.84 ...
Tuesday, 24 December 13
SGX HAS LAUNCHED FREIGHT FUTURES
COALspot.com: Singapore Exchange (SGX) has announced the launch of freight future yesterday.
According to SGX’s press release, SGX has laun ...
Monday, 23 December 13
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP FOR AVERAGE Q1' 14 CLOSED AT $ 82.80
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained 2.97 percept month on month as on Friday 20 December 2013. ...
Sunday, 22 December 13
Q1' 14 DELIVERY COAL SWAPS CLOSING HIGH COMPARED TO Q4' 14 DELIVERY CLOSING
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB) for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained $ 1.31 pmt month on month on Friday 20 December 2013 ...
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- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Planning Commission, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
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