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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 11 December 13
THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT IS CONSIDERING SETTING A REGULATION ON THE MINIMUM PURITY TO REGULATE UNPROCESSED ORE BAN
COALspot.com: Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Jero Wacik recently proposed to house those mining (mineral) companies that had shown a commitme ...
Wednesday, 11 December 13
BDI REACHED A PEAK OF YEAR RECORD OF 2,237 POINTS WHICH IS A SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN MARKET CONDITIONS
Getting closer to the end of 2013, it is important that we have a review of the course the market has taken these past 12 months by looking at the B ...
Tuesday, 10 December 13
HNL, AN INDIAN STATE-OWNED NEWSPRINT PAPER MAKER SEEKS 50K TONS OF INDONESIAN 5600 COAL
COALspot.com: Hindustan Newsprint limited (HNL), an Indian state owned news print paper producer invited bids to supply 50,000MT of min 5,200kcal/kg ...
Tuesday, 10 December 13
COLOMBIAN THERMAL COAL EXPORTS SLIPPED 25.54% M-M IN OCTOBER'13
COALspot.com: Colombia's Thermal coal exports in October dropped 25.54% month on month to 5,990,815.13 million mt, according to data from mining de ...
Tuesday, 10 December 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS PLUNGE W-O-W
COALspot.com: In the week ended December 9, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totalled 2.50 ...
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- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Australian Coal Association
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Planning Commission, India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
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