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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 01 January 14
COAL & OIL TO SET UP ANOTHER 1,600 MW POWER PLANT IN INDIA - VENKATARAMANI
COALspot.com: Dubai-based Coal & Oil (C&O) Group is planning to make additional investment of around US$ 1.61 billion to set up 1,600 mega w ...
Wednesday, 01 January 14
DRY BULK CARRIER OWNERS ANTICIPATING AN EVEN STRONGER 2014 YEAR - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
To begin with, The Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide team would like to wish you all a Happy and Prosperous 2014! We begin the New Year with our firs ...
Tuesday, 31 December 13
INDONESIA'S COAL PRODUCTION COULD HIT 450 MMT IN 2014 - ICMA
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the fourth largest coal producer and largest coal exporter in the world, to increase coal output in year 2014 instead of th ...
Tuesday, 31 December 13
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION INCREASED WEEK ON WEEK, EIA SAYS
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.5 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Tuesday, 31 December 13
MORE THAN $21 BILLION INVESTED IN SECOND HAND SHIP PURCHASES IN 2013
One thing that was apparent in the sale and purchasing markets during 2013 was the ship owners' larger appetite for vessel acquisitions, as most so ...
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- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The University of Queensland
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
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