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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Monday, 30 December 13
INDONESIAN COAL TO BE PART OF INDEX DETERMINING POWER TARIFFS - BUSINESS STANDARD
In a significant move, power sector regulator CERC has decided to provide 50 per cent weightage for Indonesian coal in the benchmark index that is u ...
Friday, 27 December 13
THE EXPORT OF UNPROCESSED MINERALS WOULD NOT BE ALLOWED AFTER 12 JAN 2014 - INDONESIAN ENERGY MINISTER
COALspot.com: The government of Indonesia will implement Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal in full and consistently by January 12, 2014, said, m ...
Friday, 27 December 13
INDONESIA SHIPPED 15.75 PERCENT MORE COAL IN NOVEMBER
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the world's 4th largest coal producer and the largest multi grade coal exporter shipped over $2* billion worth of co ...
Thursday, 26 December 13
COAL & OIL GROUP SECURES US$ 250 MILLION FUNDING FOR ITS 1200MW THERMAL POWER PLANT IN INDIA
COALspot.com: Dubai-based Coal & Oil (C&O) Group has announced that it has secured additional funding of approximately Dhs. 1 billion (appro ...
Wednesday, 25 December 13
DRY BULK INDEX LOST SOME GROUND THIS PAST WEEK - INTERMODAL
Chartering (Wet: Firm+ / Dry: Softer - )
The Dry Bulk Index lost some ground this past week, on the back of activity slowing down befor ...
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- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- The University of Queensland
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
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