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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Monday, 06 January 14
INDONESIAN COAL SWAPS SLIDE TO $ 61.25 FOR Q4' 14 DELIVERY
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB) for average Q1’ 14 delivery lost $ 0.32 pmt month on month on Friday 3 January 2014. Th ...
Sunday, 05 January 14
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP FOR Q3 DELIVERY CLOSED $ 80.05, A $ 0.90 LOWER THAN Q1 PRICE
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q1’ 14 delivery lost 1.40 percept day on day closed at US$ 80.95 per mt as o ...
Sunday, 05 January 14
CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION OF INDIA REGISTERS CASES IN CONNECTION WITH ALLEGED SUPPLY OF LOW QUALITY INDONESIAN COAL BY A PRIVATE COMPANY TO NTPC & NSPCL
COALspot.com: The Central Bureau of Investigation of India has registered two cases regarding alleged supply of low quality imported Indonesian coal ...
Saturday, 04 January 14
THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT TO DOWNSIZE ITS COAL PRODUCTION TARGET TO 400 MMT THIS YEAR
COALspot.com: Indonesia to downsize its coal production target to 400 million tons in 2014, lower than the production in 2013, which stood at 421 mi ...
Friday, 03 January 14
IN 2013 RBCT HAS, FOR THE FIRST TIME, EXPORTED MORE THAN 70 MILLION TONS OF COAL
COALspot.com: South Africa's Richards Bay coal terminal, the world’s largest single coal exporting terminal shipped 6.788 million tonnes of c ...
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- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
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