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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Friday, 24 May 13
OPG POWER VENTURES OF INDIA LOOKING FOR 210,000 MT OF 4,200 GAR INDONESIAN THERMAL COAL
COALspot.com - OPG Power Ventures Plc (OPG) is an AIM listed (London Stock Exchange) and fast growing developer and operator of power plants in Indi ...
Thursday, 23 May 13
HANDY : THE ATLANTIC MARKET REMAINS UNCHANGED - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
The Atlantic market remains unchanged. USG-Feast rates were around USD 19k. Little change from last week in the Pacific, fewer stems and tonn ...
Thursday, 23 May 13
COLOMBIA SHIPPED 11.74 MILLION TONS OF THERMAL COAL IN Q1
COALspot.om - Colombia produced about 18,388,972.94 mt of coal for the first quarter of 2013.
Q1' 2013 coal production was around 21.42 p ...
Wednesday, 22 May 13
COKAL SIGNS JV WITH MDM, FOR BARITO RIVER BARGING
COALspot.com - Cokal Limited (ASX: CKA) has announced that it has entered into a 50:50 Joint Venture (JV) with Meratus Advance Maritime (MDM) one of ...
Tuesday, 21 May 13
NEWCASTLE PORT COAL SHIPMENTS SEEN FALLING WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,205,024 tons of thermal and coking coal for week ended 0700 hours 20 May 2013, Newcast ...
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- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- White Energy Company Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Australian Coal Association
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
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