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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Tuesday, 04 June 13
WOOD MACKENZIE SAYS THE CHINA'S THERMAL COAL DEMAND WILL REACH NEARLY 7BTPA BY 2030
COALspot.com - The Illusion of Peak Coal' says that despite efforts to limit coal consumption and seek alternative fuel options, China's strong ap ...
Saturday, 01 June 13
COAL PRICES STRUGGLE TO FIRM UP
COALspot.com - Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average July 2013 delivery have gained 0.18 percent week on week and 0.03 percent ...
Saturday, 01 June 13
THE FREIGHT MARKET FOR S7 AND S8 SECTORS ARE EXPECTED TO BE SOFT - VISTAAR
COALspot.com – The freights are remains weak week ended 31 May 2013, as BDI fell 2.05 pct and closed at 809 points on 31 May 2013.
The Cape ...
Friday, 31 May 13
US PRODUCED 18.5 MILLION SHORT TONS OF COAL W/E 25 MAY 2013
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totalled approximately 18.50 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 30 May 13
HANDY: RBCT ROUND WAS AROUND USD 9K + 300 BB - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
THE Atlantic market remained flat. The USG-Feast was at USD 19k and Black Sea-Feast was at USD 12k. The Pacific market remained quiet with no ...
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- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The University of Queensland
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
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