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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Wednesday, 29 May 13
SHIP OWNERS KEEP ON SPENDING ON NEWBUILDINGS AS PRICES ARE DEEMED TOO LOW TO RESIST - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
It's been yet another week on increased newbuilding ordering activity with Hellenic ship owners appearing rathe active, on the back of attractive f ...
Tuesday, 28 May 13
NEWCASTLE PORT SHIPPED 9.76 PERCENT MORE COAL W/E 27 MAY 2013
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,420,366 tons of coal for week ended 0700 hours 27 May 2013, Newcastle Port Corp. said ...
Sunday, 26 May 13
AMPLE SUPPLY, LOW DEMAND KEEP COAL PRICES UNDER PRESSURE
COALspot.com - Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average July 2013 delivery have lost 0.07 percent and API 8 CFR South China Coal shipment los ...
Friday, 24 May 13
ENGAGEMENT WITH POTENTIAL STRATEGIC AND OFF TAKE PARTNERS ACCELERATING - REALM RESOURCES
COALspot.com - Following the recent completion of the Feasibility Study, the Realm Resources Ltd. (ASX: RRP) has focused on securing strategic ...
Friday, 24 May 13
US'S COAL PRODUCTION INCREASED WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 18.90 million short tons (mmst) of ...
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- MS Steel International - UAE
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
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- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
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- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- The University of Queensland
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
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- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
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