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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Tuesday, 14 May 13
NEWCASTLE PORT'S COAL EXPORTS FALL 6.83 PERCENT
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,771,891 tons of thermal and coking coal for week ended 0700 hours 13 May 2013, Newcast ...
Monday, 13 May 13
SGX ASIACLEAR OTC COAL SWAPS : RELATIVELY STABLE
COALspot.com - Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average June 2013 delivery has gained 0.15 percent and API 8 CFR South China Coal shipment&nb ...
Saturday, 11 May 13
INDONESIA TO INDIA COAL FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO BE FLAT TO SOFT NEXT WEEK
COALspot.com - This week the market remained flat compared to last week. BDI slightly up 0.68 pct and closed at 884 points and the cape size index u ...
Friday, 10 May 13
U.S. PRODUCED TOTALED APPROXIMATELY 18.5 MMST OF COAL W/E 4 MAY 2013
COALspot.com - U.S. produced totaled approximately 18.5 million short tons (mmst) of coal in a week (For the week ended 4 May, 2013), EIA said in it ...
Thursday, 09 May 13
KILLARA AUSTRALIA ACQUIRES 80% INTEREST IN BORNEO EMAS HITAM
COALspot.com - Killara Resources has announced that, the company has signed a binding MoU to acquire an 80% equity interest in PT. Borneo Emas Hitam ...
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- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Australian Coal Association
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
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