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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Monday, 24 June 13
INDONESIA COAL SWAP FOR AUGUST 2013 DELIVERY GAINS WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com – Coal prices for immediate supply contracts have started moving up, but prices for next year supply shows a negative trend ...
Sunday, 23 June 13
BDI CROSSED ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER THIS WEEK - VISTAAR
COALspot.com : The BDI crossed the psychological barrier of 1000 points after many months and closed at 1,027 points, which were up by 14.11 pct wee ...
Sunday, 23 June 13
SHIP PRICES NOT FOLLOWING FREIGHT MARKET FUNDAMENTALS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Although it's been the case in many occasions in the past, it appears that ship prices haven't been quite following freight market fundamentals, i ...
Friday, 21 June 13
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION INCREASED WEEK ON WEEK, EIA SAYS
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totalled approximately 19.70 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 20 June 13
CAPESIZE : FINALLY A SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN RATES! - FEARNLEYS A.S
Handy
Atlantic market kept a steady curve from last week. US Gulf positions fetched tick above USD 21k for Cont/Skaw direction, and vessels fixed f ...
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- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Minerals Council of Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
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